Eia thus ensures that the potential problems are foreseen and addressed at an early stage in the projects planning and design. Gis and remote sensing integrated environmental impact assessment of. An early draft identified a number of issues and key messages. Environmental impact assessment, environmental impact. Environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental. Environmental impact assessment eia and environmental impact statement eis.
Environmental impact assessment eia is the process by which information about the environmental effects of a project is collected, assessed and taken into account by the department in reaching a decision about whether a proposed development should be approved. Developing countries lack the extensive environmental databases required. Climate change impact assessment for surface transportation in the pacific northwest and alaska, region x northwest transportation consortium of four state dots wa, or, id, ak. Geospatial technology is an essential component of the environmental impact assessment eia process, as environmental resources are directly affected by changes in the shape and extent of the proposed disturbance. An environmental impact is an estimate or judgement of the significance and value of environmental effects on physical, biological, social or economic environment.
Simply defined, the eia process helps identify the possible environmental effects of a proposed activity and. Land use change detection for environmental management. The eu directives concerning environmental impact assessment are implemented in england through the town and country planning environmental impact assessment regulations 2017, which also apply to projects serving national defence purposes in northern ireland, scotland and wales. Environmental impact prediction using remote sensing images.
Gis and remote sensing integrated environmental impact. Challenges of environmental impact assessment eia procedure. Environmental impact assessment analyzing benefits and. Environmental impact assessment eia course curriculum for tertiary level institutions in pakistan national impact assessment programme niap pakistan thomas b fischer phd fiema and obaidullah nadeem phd fipp september 20. An environmental change is the measurable change in physical and biological systems and environmental quality resulting from a development activity. To the extent appropriate, the parties shall endeavour to apply the principles of environmental impact assessment to policies, plans and procrrammes. Q24, q28 m ajor land use changes have occurred in the united states during the past 25 years. Application of geospatial technologies for environmental. Kingdom of eswatini water supply and sanitation access. Final environmental assessment leedco project icebreaker lake. The second edition developed many issues of growing importance in this fast. Pdf land use change detection for environmental management.
This was the first attempt to introduce eia systems in the field of. Environmental significance is an anthropogenic concept 1 used in decision making of the environmental assessment process. It contains information regarding the project, the likely significant effect of the project, the baseline scenario, the proposed alternatives, the features and measures to mitigate. Manishika jain in this lecture explains the concept of environmental impact assessment eia and difference between eia and strategic eia. Developing countries lack the extensive environmental databases required for comprehensive environmental impact assessment. Multipliers used to estimate crop residues from grain yields in the study site 58 6. Economic, social, and environmental impacts junjie wu jel classifications. The environmental impact assessment eia process is an interdisciplinary and multistep procedure to ensure that environmental considerations are included in decisions regarding projects that may impact the environment. The malacca river watershed area has been selected for a change detection study because of its uncontrolled urbanization, unmanageable sewage discharge, and active soil erosion and tree cutting. Land use and land cover change national climate assessment.
Vegetation cover change detection and assessment in. The objective of the water supply and sanitation access project is to increase access to improved water supply and sanitation services in targeted areas of eswatini. Environmental impact assessment, abbreviated as eia is comparatively new planning and decision making device first used in the united states in the national environmental policy act of 1969 that raised awareness of the serious environmental effects of human activities which were inadequately controlled by existing planning regulation and pollution control measures. Landsat images in particular have served a great deal in the classification of different landscape components at a larger scale ozesmi and bauer, 2002. More recently, researchers have applied supervised classification for several lulc change detection for several research aims and purpose. Historical development of environmental assessment in scotland 7. Land use land cover changes in detection of water quality. This study investigates environmental change over a 30year period and. Examples of these close interactions can be found in the context of land tenure and rights, rural livelihoods, and traditional practices. Introduction environmental impact assessment wiley. Eia report the environmental impact assessment report is the document prepared by the developer that presents the output of the assessment. Environmental impacts are caused by environmental aspects and can have a direct impact on the environment, contribute indirectly to a larger environmental change, or be cumulative. Environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment. Hence, significant impacts and measures to miti gate them can be identified, irreversible damage to the environment avoided, and sustainable use of natural re.
Environmental impacts of the regional development on natural vegetation of the area were investigated considering the changes occurred on. Building platform building platforms are the main objectives of the environmental impact assessment and management strategy, and are expressed as desired outcomes. Environmental impact statement eis is carried out based on a checklist of matters to be addressed in the assessment, it is then circulated to the committee for environmental protection. An impact can be described in terms of its magnitude and significance, terms to be dealt with more in detail in section 7. This paper is an attempt to assess the land use change detection by using gis in mansoura and talkha from 1985 to 2010. Land use change detection as an initial stage in environmental. Land use change detection as an initial stage in environmental impact assessment on the zambian copperbelt proceedings. The total area of cropland, pastureland and rangeland decreased by 76 million acres in the lower 48 states from 1982 to 2003, while the to.
An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of. Application of remote sensing for environmental impact. Landuse change and its socioenvironmental impact in eastern. Information for sustainable development, cape town, 2731 march, 2000 d. Guidance for competent authorities, consultation bodies, and others involved in the environmental impact assessment process in scotland 23.
Developing countries lack the extensive environmental databases required for comprehensive environmental impact. Purposes, objectives, scope and effectiveness of eia are elaborated on and different legal, administrative and policy eia frameworks internationally are introduced. This form of ecological compensation is sustained over time. In 1981, the us agency for international development usaid revised the national environmental policy act nepa. Article pdf available in impact assessment and project appraisal 301.
In general, and this is also our interpretation of the term, impact assessment is a method to evaluate assess potential consequences impacts of actions. Composition of livestock in highlands and lowlands of ethiopia 25 4. Sep 26, 20 then, final land use maps were prepared using a geographic information system following field verification and accuracy assessment. Environmental protection agency epr ethylene propylene rubber esa endangered species act faa federal aviation administration.
Evaluation of the environmental impacts assessment eia. Integrated assessment tools such as the socalled environmental impact assessment eia and the sustainability impact assessment sia belong to another group fig. Key components and best practices for environmental impact. Research of change detection techniques is still an active topic and new techniques are needed to effectively use the increasingly diverse and complex remotely sensed data available or projected. Woldai2 1department of mining engineering, university of the witwatersrand private bag 3, p.
Gis for land use impact assessment gis and geocomputation. Land use change, change detection, human impact assessment. Environmental and social impact assessment english abstract. Kingdom of eswatini water supply and sanitation access project. Environmental impacts analyzed in this draft eis include those related to fuel and energy use, air quality, and climate change. Accuracy assessment was then carried out at 85 points, 65 from the field data and 20 from. Himalayan mountain ranges, which represent nearly 18% of the total area of indian subcontinent, play an important role for the maintenance of environmental. Developing countries lack the extensive environmental databases. The advent of geographic information systems gis and the availability of spatially explicit data and ease of creation of interpolated surfaces from sampled point data provide a great opportunity for overlaying operations and change detection analysis that can be coupled with field data. Pdf environmental impact assessment and change detection. Study of environmental change detection using remote sensing. Based on discussions with national climate assessment nca leadership and other chapter authors, the land use and land cover change authors identified and reached consensus on a final set of four key messages and organized most of the chapter to directly address these messages. Land use change detection as an initial stage in environmental i. Pdf in this study maximumlikelihood, supervised classification along with.
Sustainability impact assessment of forest operations. In this context, geospatial technologies and remote sensing methodology provide essential tools which can be applied in the analysis of land use change detection. In this case, the geographic information system was used as the tool for application of such. Environmental impact assessment what is environmental impact assessment eia. The drying of water bodies, including the prominent lakes alemaya, adele, and tinike, had been the most important environmental change observed.
Land use change mapping and analysis using remote sensing and. Environmental impact assessment earth provides enough to satisfy every mans need, but not every mans greed mahatma gandhi 1869 1948 1. Determination of significance of environmental impacts of. Pdf land use change detection as an initial stage in. Overview of the eia process environmental law alliance. Tool to identify environmental, social and economic. Environmental impact assessment is the most comprehensive environmental policy tool in the world that is used in the decision making of proposed projects and strategic plans. Recently several change detection techniques have been. Change detection of the surface area of the burullus lagoon itself shows shrinkage in the total area of 1984, which was 3,850km2 and became 1960km2 in 2011 with loss of about 48% of the burullus surface area fig. In developing the proposed standards, nhtsa considered technological feasibility, economic practicability, the effect of other vehicle standards. The assessment has to be completed within a period of 90 days from the. Road impact assessment using remote sensing methodology for monitoring. Convention on environmental impact assessment in a. Monitoring urban growth and land use change detection with.
By its revision, environmental impact assessment eia became a mandate to development assistance project. Remote sensing rs has been used to classify and map land cover and land use changes with different techniques and data sets. Defining impact assessment environmental impact assessment eia may be defined as a formal process used to predict the environmental consequences of any development project. Environmental impact assessment and change detection of the coastal desert along the central nile delta coast, egypt. Hypothetical scenario first principles the basics the baseline a structure a strategy a road map summing up. Description of land cover categories for change detection between 197172 and 2000 for the study area 54 5. An assessment of environmental impacts must measure changes in natural resources. Remote sensing change detection and process analysis of long. Vegetation cover vc change detection is essen tial for a better. Environmental impact assessments as required by this convention shall, as a minimum requirement, be undertaken at the project level of the proposed activity. Environmental impact assessment, environmental significance, ranking, prediction of impacts, importance weighting, judgment values. Environmental impact assessment and change of the coastal. Thirdly, origin and development of eia are described before different types of impacts to be considered in eia are introduced. Environmental impact assessment cannot be divorced from social impact of the project, hence the latter is considered as a key dimension of the eia process.
1027 134 31 1516 172 1604 131 423 507 1199 1529 45 1273 329 1091 918 306 491 1274 1381 412 1427 1538 148 391 519 1087 708 1312 1326 225 122 1458 205 602